Our bodies are constantly being bombarded by organisms too tiny to see without a microscope, but nonetheless capable of causing an array of health problems ranging from the common cold to cancer. Three of these hidden sources of sickness – bacteria, fungi, and viruses – are explained below, as are some steps you can take to protect yourself from these harmful microorganisms.
1. Bacteria
Bacteria are ubiquitous; they live in the soil, on kitchen counters, in our gastrointestinal tracts, and some can even survive in nuclear waste. They play a significant role in the environment through various tasks such as nitrogen fixation, putrefaction, and fermentation. They also play an important role in your internal environment by aiding in the digestion of food, assimilating nutrients, and supporting immune system function. In fact, optimizing the levels of beneficial bacteria in your gut through the use of a probiotic supplement is one of the best ways to enhance your overall health.
Not all bacteria benefit your health, however, and the overgrowth of pathogenic (harmful) bacteria can cause gastrointestinal dysfunction, nutrient deficiencies, and even certain chronic diseases. A small sample of pathogenic bacteria and the health problems they can cause are listed below.
Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme Disease, non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Chlamydia pneumoniae – pneumonia, bronchitis, possibly lung cancer
Helicobacter pylori – chronic gastritis, ulcers, possibly stomach cancer
Streptococcus sanguis – endocarditis (inflammation of the inner layer of the heart)
Treponema pallidum – syphilis
2. Fungi
Fungi encompass an entire kingdom that includes molds, yeast, mycotoxins, and other microorganisms. Like bacteria, fungi perform many beneficial tasks in the environment – especially decomposition – and can also promote human health directly (medicinal mushrooms like cordyceps sinensis) and indirectly (in the production of antibiotics). Some fungi, on the other hand, can pose a serious risk to your health. Molds are particularly dangerous because they are often hidden under carpets, behind walls, or in air ducts and vents. There they produce toxic mold spores and mycotoxins that can cause allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and in high enough quantities even death. The Northwestern United States has seen a recent increase in reported cases of a particularly virulent environmental fungus called Cryptococcus gattii. Infection with this particular fungus has resulted in an abnormally high death rate.
Mold spore. Cute, but dangerous.
Yeast are another problematic fungi that can wreak havoc on your health, particularly in your gastrointestinal tract. One of the most infamous fungi (and often a scapegoat amongst alternative medicine doctors) is Candida albicans which can cause a variety of symptoms including gastrointestinal distress, yeast infections, chronic fatigue, and brain fog. Pathogenic fungi can also thrive on your skin surface (especially in warm, moist areas) causing conditions like jock itch and athlete’s foot.
3. Viruses
Viruses are among the most abundant organisms on the planet, yet most require a powerful electron microscope to be seen. They also have the unique trait of only being able to survive in other living creatures, and at any given time there are millions of viruses in your body. For the most part, these viruses remain latent, and some – like the herpes virus – can actually enhance your resistance to certain pathogenic bacteria. As long as your immune system is functioning properly, these viruses typically don’t pose a threat to your health. Even HIV can remain dormant and asymptomatic for many years. When your immune system is weakened, however, these latent viruses can proliferate and begin exerting their harmful effects. Due to their interaction with the host’s own DNA, viral infections are particularly difficult to eliminate once there is an infection. Some of the pathologies caused by viruses include the following:
- Avian flu
- Cancer
- Chickenpox
- Chronic fatigue*
- Common cold
- Ebola
- Hepatitis
- Herpes/cold sores
- HIV/AIDS
- Measles
- Multiple sclerosis*
- SARS
- Swine flu/H1N1
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